The impact of the arts on social and entrepreneurial actions during covid19. Educational perception

The impact of COVID-19 on the way of consuming art has led to changes in behavior to-wards more responsible and sustainable models. Art continues to be a fundamental part of people's lives, and significantly influences the quality of life, both in the educational and work environment. During confinement, the people who have been able to consume art have done so according to different needs and contexts. However, art, beyond its social benefits, has a direct implication both in sustaina-bility and in the business world. This work aims to know the consumption of art during the pandemic and its relationship with social and business responsibility. The methodological approach is quantitative and was based on an ad hoc questionnaire in which a total of 308 people participated. From the results it is clear that through the consumption of art responsible behaviors can be generated in companies. In addition, the relationship established between art and business success is highlighted, as well as the involvement and responsibility in sustainability.

Comportamientos fraudulentos entre el alumnado de grado en ?poca de COVID-19

The pandemic has led to the establishment of an emergency remote teaching and evaluation. The new context has favored fraudulent behavior in university students. Studying this phenomenon and determining the most frequent behaviors is the objective of the paper. In August 2020, a questionnaire on fraudulent behavior in evaluation (assignments and exams) was sent to undergraduate students at the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Zaragoza. Descriptive analyzes and tests to determine the existence of significant differences are applied to the 330 valid cases. Our main result stands out that there are few fraudulent behaviors observed on a regular basis, but they are observed with great frequency. Not collaborating equitably in teamwork, copying the work of another student and doing poor work are the most common behaviors in terms of preparing work that is being evaluated. And with respect to those observed during the exams, they are still the classic fraudulent behaviors: using illegal material (in its two variants, paper and more technological), asking the answer and being copied on the exam. It stands out that the characteristic with which the most differences are observed is sex. Discussion: These unethical behaviors are still established in our educational environment and ICTs, far from limiting them, favor them. Given that university institutions are not only responsible for training professionals with high knowledge and skills, but also responsible professionals with moral and ethical integrity, it is essential to consider possible measures to limit these behaviors.

Psychiatric polygenic risk as a predictor of COVID-19 risk and severity: insight into the genetic overlap between schizophrenia and COVID-19.

Despite the high contagion and mortality rates that have accompanied the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the clinical presentation of the syndrome varies greatly from one individual to another. Potential host factors that accompany greater risk from COVID-19 have been sought and schizophrenia (SCZ) patients seem to present more severe COVID-19 than control counterparts, with certain gene expression similarities between psychiatric and COVID-19 patients reported. We used summary statistics from the last SCZ, bipolar disorder (BD), and depression (DEP) meta-analyses available on the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium webpage to calculate polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for a target sample of 11,977 COVID-19 cases and 5943 subjects with unknown COVID-19 status. Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression analysis was performed when positive associations were obtained from the PRS analysis. The SCZ PRS was a significant predictor in the case/control, symptomatic/asymptomatic, and hospitalization/no hospitalization analyses in the total and female samples; and of symptomatic/asymptomatic status in men. No significant associations were found for the BD or DEP PRS or in the LDSC regression analysis. SNP-based genetic risk for SCZ, but not for BD or DEP, may be associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity, especially among women; however, predictive accuracy barely exceeded chance level. We believe that the inclusion of sexual loci and rare variations in the analysis of genomic overlap between SCZ and COVID-19 will help to elucidate the genetic commonalities between these conditions.

Innovation and internationalisation during times of economic growth, crisis, and recovery prior to Covid-19: A configurational approach comparing Spanish manufacturing family and non-family firms

Based primarily on the Resource-Based View and prior evidence, this study gauges the potential differences in innovative behaviour between international family firms and non-family firms when conditions change drastically in the business environment (i.e. from a situation of economic growth to one of downturn, and then to recovery). The research setting is a large sample of Spanish manufacturing firms between 2007 and 2016 (i.e. pre-Covid-19). During this period (2009-2013), the global economic and financial crisis affected Spain. Thus, three sub-periods are distinguished in the empirical analysis: growth, crisis, and recovery. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis, our findings show that the paths of innovation activities that promote internationalisation via exporting in family and non-family firms are somewhat dissimilar in each sub-period, supporting the argument that the causal effect of innovation on internationalisation is heavily dependent on environmental conditions. Compared to non-family firms, our results show that when family firms internationalise, they follow a wide variety and more stable number of paths in innovation activities. Our findings also provide additional evidence to support the argument of heterogeneity among family firms.

Cost Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for Mild-Moderate Covid-19 in Spain

Background: A need exists for safe, affordable, and effective antiviral treatments for less severe COVID-19 outpatients that can prevent infection progression, hospitalization, and death;shorten the time to clinical recovery;and reduce transmission. In our best knowledge, there are not, so far, costeffectiveness analysis on oral antiviral COVID-19 drugs in Spain. In our study we aim to evaluate cost-effectiveness of oral nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir in COVID-19 mild to moderate outpatients with at least one risk factor for disease progression in Spain. Method(s): A simulation model was constructed in R, to assess the clinical consequences and costs associated with COVID-19 in a hypothetical cohort of non-hospitalized patients older than 65 years with mild-to-moderate COVID and at least one risk factor for progression in Spain. The intervention assessed was nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir 300 mg plus 100mg every 12 hours up to 5 days. The comparator was symptomatic treatment with no antiviral drugs against SARSCoV- 2. The study was contextualized in the Spanish National Health System and the perspective of the service provider was adopted. Quality of life adjusted life years (QALYs) was used as a measure of effectiveness. Drug effectiveness was obtained from a literature review. As a cost measure, the retail price of the drugs was used. As a threshold willing to pay, the Spanish Gross National Product per capita was used. A discount of 3% per year was applied on future health effects. We used a decisional tree model. A univariate sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. Result(s): We found that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir yielded an extra 620.89 QALYs compared to a baseline scenario without it, at an increase in cost of 89,630,442 with an Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 144,356.4 /QALY gained. One way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte-Carlo simulations were undertaken and showed that the probability of not being costeffective was 1 at the current price and willingness to pay threshold. To meet our willingness to pay threshold, nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir 5-days treatment price should be lowered down to 70 . Conclusion(s): According to our analysis nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is not costeffective in in the Spanish National Health System for outpatients older than 65 years with at least one risk factor for COVID progression. A drug price of 70 per treatment would meet our willingness to pay threshold.

Multidisciplinary approach of the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients with severe bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, are there differences depending on the respiratory therapy used during admission to intensive care?

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients who required admission to Intensive Care for severe COVID 19 pneumonia and to analyze the differences between those who received therapy exclusively with high-flow oxygen therapy compared to those who required invasive mechanical ventilation. DESIGN: Cohort, prospective and observational study. SETTING: Post-intensive care multidisciplinary program. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Patients who survived admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe COVID 19 pneumonia from April 2020 to October 2021. INTERVENTIONS: Inclusion in the post-ICU multidisciplinary program. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Motor, sensory, psychological/psychiatric, respiratory and nutritional sequelae after hospital admission. RESULTS: 104 patients were included. 48 patients received high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (ONAF) and 56 invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The main sequelae found were distal neuropathy (33.9% IMV vs 10.4% ONAF); brachial plexopathy (10.7% IMV vs 0% ONAF); decrease in grip strength: right hand 20.67kg (±8.27) in VMI vs 31.8kg (±11.59) in ONAF and left hand 19.39kg (±8.45) in VMI vs 30.26kg (±12.74) in ONAF; and limited muscle balance in the lower limbs (28.6% VMI vs 8.6% ONAF). The differences observed between both groups did not reach statistical significance in the multivariable study. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained after the multivariate study suggest that there are no differences in the perceived physical sequelae one month after hospital discharge depending on the respiratory therapy used, whether it was high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or prolonged mechanical ventilation, although more studies are needed to be able to draw conclusions.

The Relationship of Hyponatremia with Il-6 and Implications on Clinical Outcomes in Covid-19 Patients Admitted at University Santo Tomas Hospital, January to August 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 is a droplet-transmitted infection with clinical manifestation ranging from mild disease to cytokine storm. The cytokine storm is an exaggerated response of the human body in which excessive amounts of inflammatory markers are released leading to multiple organ failure. In COVID-19, the most common electrolyte disorder noted is hyponatremia. Hyponatremia results from an increase in cytokines including IL-6 can result in the release of anti-diuretic hormone causing a decrease in serum sodium. Hyponatremic patients were observed to have increased risk for ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality as compared to normonatremia. The inflammatory markers including serum ferritin, procalcitonin, IL-6, HsCRP, LDH, and D-dimer have been imperative as prognostic markers to help guide healthcare workers in the classification of severity, thereby guiding management. This study aims to investigate the association between serum sodium and serum IL-6 and aims to establish the role of serum sodium as an alternative cost-effective prognostic marker for COVID-19. Method(s): This is a retrospective cohort study done at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital via chart review of all confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted from January to August 2021. Data gathered included patient's age, gender, pertinent co-morbidities, day of illness on arrival, serum Na, PF ratio, chest radiograph, IL-6 levels on admission. The outcome of each case was recorded: oxygen supplementation, need for hemoperfusion, need for tocilizumab, COVID classification, days until clinical recovery, discharged, or expired. Corrected serum was used to account for effect of serum glucose on serum sodium. Serum sodium and IL-6 levels were compared to check the relationship between the two. Hyponatremia was studied in line with the poor outcomes. COVID-19 patients admitted at the COVID ward of USTH, January to August 2021 was the target population of the study. Those excluded were patients with chronic kidney disease patients, chronic hyponatremia, malignancy, uncontrolled thyroid disease, liver cirrhosis, on diuretics, with gastrointestinal losses and incomplete records. [Formula presented] Results: Of the 322 admitted COVID-19 patients, 154 were included with 89 (58%) having poor outcomes. Hyponatremia was seen in 60 (38.9%) of the population while 48 (53.93%) had poor outcomes. Serum sodium and IL-6 have an inverse relationship is not statistically significant. Patients with hyponatremia were 4.46 times more likely to require high oxygen support, 4.16 times more likely to need hemoperfusion, and 60.71% times more likely to have ICU admission. Hyponatremia was shown to have a 94.12% likelihood need for tocilizumab, 3.87 times more likely to result in severe or critical COVID-19 and 3.78 times more likely to expire. Overall, hyponatremia was 5.17 times more likely to have poor clinical outcome in comparison to normonatremia. Conclusion(s): Serum sodium cannot replace serum IL-6 as an inflammatory marker, but could be considered as a potential prognostic marker for COVID-19 when inflammatory markers are not available. COVID-19 patients with hyponatremia have a higher predisposition to increased disease severity. Including serum sodium in scoring systems could help signal to the health care providers that a more aggressive treatment approach would be indicated, thus aiding physicians in managing patients more effectively. No conflict of interestCopyright © 2023

In bed hybrid tracheostomy procedure in COVID-19 patients. Technique and results

Background: COVID-19 pandemic, results in a great number of critically ill patients requiring long-lasting periods of invasive mechanical ventilatory support;tracheostomy is considered during their hospital stay, to free patients from ventilatory support and optimize the resources, we developed a safe in bed hybrid tracheostomy procedure to avoid the operating room and minimize SARS-CoV2 transmission due to aerosols exposure. Method(s): We developed this protocol using PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) in order to perform a safe in bed hybrid tracheostomy: percutaneous tracheostomy + flexible bronchoscopy. We used the Ciaglia Blue Rhino technique and flexible bronchoscopy. We analyzed: Gender, age, body mass index, intubation days, ventilatory parameters, procedure time, apnea time, oxygen saturation, complications and patient clinical evolution. Statistical evaluation: Fisher test, U Mann-Whitney, T test, logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier curves. Result(s): From march 2020 to February 2021, 292 patients underwent hybrid tracheostomy;Tracheostomy was successfully completed in all patients: 211 men (72.2%);81 women (27.8%), age 58.5 years old, intubation days before tracheostomy 23 days (19 to 28 days), 133 patients (45.5%) deaths due to COVID19 complications. Procedure time 6 to 14 minutes (mean 9 minutes), apnea time 147 to 360 seconds (mean 240 seconds), O2 saturation 66%-96% (mean 87%), PaO2/fiO2 106-194 (mean 142), SOFA 4-6 (mean 5). No complications due to the trachesotomy. Conclusion(s): In bed hybrid tracheostomy procedure implementation with the PDCA cycles is safe, with good results, zero procedure complications and a good and rapid learning curve.

Project-based learning for an online course of simulation engineering: From bioreactor to epidemiological modeling

Before the pandemic, distance learning was not a widely adopted option for science and engineering programs where in some courses, such as chemistry, electromagnetism, or fluid mechanics, etc., attending to laboratories and workshops was in most cases mandatory. The lockdown forced us to innovate, searching alternative ways to teach experimental phenomena, suddenly replaced with simulation science and technology, subjects that although rely on computers, also suffered changes from the transition. In this contribution, we propose an undergraduate course on simulation for chemical engineering, departing from the fact that modeling, and simulation are multipurpose and multidisciplinary tools. The course aims to reinforce the concepts of dynamical systems by using analogies between process engineering examples and other disciplines, particularly, epidemiology. For this purpose, a final project on modeling the dynamics of the COVID 19 pandemic in Mexico was designed and validated with a public database from the Mexican Secretariat of Health. By doing this, the students got in touch with the evolution of the dynamics outside of school hours, since it was common to see weekly updates and extrapolation trends of the pandemic, thus applying their skills to the final project. It was found that success factors were the use of official data, the use of Graphical User Interfaces to explore diverse simulation scenarios and the final project. The transition to the Distance Learning faced several challenges that were partially coped with the redesign of the course. © 2023 Institution of Chemical Engineers

[Multidisciplinary approach of the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients with severe bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, are there differences depending on the respiratory therapy used during admission to intensive care?] / Valoración multidisciplinar de las secuelas al mes del alta hospitalaria por neumonía grave COVID-19, ¿existen diferencias en función de la terapia respiratoria empleada durante su ingreso en Cuidados Intensivos?

Objective: To describe the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients who required admission to intensive care for severe COVID-19 pneumonia and to analyze the differences between those who received therapy exclusively with high-flow oxygen therapy compared to those who required invasive mechanical ventilation. Design: Cohort, prospective and observational study. Setting: Post-intensive care multidisciplinary program. Patients or participants: Patients who survived admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe COVID-19 pneumonia from April 2020 to October 2021. Interventions: Inclusion in the post-ICU multidisciplinary program. Main variables of interest: Motor, sensory, psychological/psychiatric, respiratory and nutritional sequelae after hospital admission. Results: One hundred and four patients were included. 48 patients received high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (ONAF) and 56 invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The main sequelae found were distal neuropathy (33.9% IMV vs. 10.4% ONAF); brachial plexopathy (10.7% IMV vs. 0% ONAF); decrease in grip strength: right hand 20.67 kg (± 8.27) in VMI vs. 31.8 kg (± 11.59) in ONAF and left hand 19.39 kg (± 8.45) in VMI vs. 30.26 kg (± 12.74) in ONAF; and limited muscle balance in the lower limbs (28.6% VMI vs. 8.6% ONAF). The differences observed between both groups did not reach statistical significance in the multivariable study. Conclusions: The results obtained after the multivariate study suggest that there are no differences in the perceived physical sequelae one month after hospital discharge depending on the respiratory therapy used, whether it was high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or prolonged mechanical ventilation, although more studies are needed to be able to draw conclusions.

Fraudulent behaviors among undergraduate students in the time of COVID-19

The pandemic has led to the establishment of an emergency remote teaching and evaluation. The new context has favored fraudulent behavior in university students. Studying this phenomenon and determining the most frequent behaviors is the objective of the paper. In August 2020, a questionnaire on fraudulent behavior in evaluation (assignments and exams) was sent to undergraduate students at the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Zaragoza. Descriptive analyzes and tests to determine the existence of significant differences are applied to the 330 valid cases. Our main result stands out that there are few fraudulent behaviors observed on a regular basis, but they are observed with great frequency. Not collaborating equitably in teamwork, copying the work of another student and doing poor work are the most common behaviors in terms of preparing work that is being evaluated. And with respect to those observed during the exams, they are still the classic fraudulent behaviors: using illegal material (in its two variants, paper and more technological), asking the answer and being copied on the exam. It stands out that the characteristic with which the most differences are observed is sex. Discussion: These unethical behaviors are still established in our educational environment and ICTs, far from limiting them, favor them. Given that university institutions are not only responsible for training professionals with high knowledge and skills, but also responsible professionals with moral and ethical integrity, it is essential to consider possible measures to limit these behaviors. © 2023, Universidad Compultense Madrid. All rights reserved.

Customer Load Profile Clustering Using K-means Algorithm: A Case Study in an Electric Distribution Company in the Philippines Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Most of the electric distribution companies in the Philippines are interested in analyzing customer load profile, they are concerned in classifying their customer's profile into different categories based on the energy consumption, Also the user's profile will help to understand how the consumption of energy may affect the electric distribution grid. In the current condition right now, facing the COVID-19 pandemic, most Filipinos are inclined to work at home, thus the consumption of energy increased. In this paper, residential data were collected in one of the electric distribution companies in the Philippines amidst the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The data consist of 1,048,575 customer profiles from the year 2021. This study aims to use clustering methods such as the K-means algorithm in grouping customers' profiles and validate the suitable amount of clusters using the proposed method, such as the multi-criteria model and elbow method. Results show that 2 and 7 clusters, respectively, were fitted in the data. © 2022 IEEE.

Multidisciplinary approach of the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients with severe bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, are there differences depending on the respiratory therapy used during admission to intensive care? Valoración multidisciplinar de las secuelas al mes del alta hospitalaria por neumonía grave COVID-19, ¿existen diferencias en función de la terapia respiratoria empleada durante su ingreso en Cuidados Intensivos?

Graphical Objective To describe the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients who required admission to Intensive Care for severe COVID 19 pneumonia and to analyze the differences between those who received therapy exclusively with high-flow oxygen therapy compared to those who required invasive mechanical ventilation. Design Cohort, prospective and observational study. Setting Post-intensive care multidisciplinary program. Patients or participants Patients who survived admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe COVID 19 pneumonia from April 2020 to October 2021. Interventions Inclusion in the post-ICU multidisciplinary program. Main variables of interest Motor, sensory, psychological/psychiatric, respiratory and nutritional sequelae after hospital admission. Results 104 patients were included. 48 patients received high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (ONAF) and 56 invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The main sequelae found were distal neuropathy (33.9% IMV vs 10.4% ONAF);brachial plexopathy (10.7% IMV vs 0% ONAF);decrease in grip strength: right hand 20.67 kg (+/- 8.27) in VMI vs 31.8 kg (+/- 11.59) in ONAF and left hand 19.39 kg (+/- 8.45) in VMI vs 30.26 kg (+/- 12.74) in ONAF;and limited muscle balance in the lower limbs (28.6% VMI vs 8.6% ONAF). The differences observed between both groups did not reach statistical significance in the multivariable study. Conclusions The results obtained after the multivariate study suggest that there are no differences in the perceived physical sequelae one month after hospital discharge depending on the respiratory therapy used, whether it was high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or prolonged mechanical ventilation, although more studies are needed to be able to draw conclusions.

Project-Based Learning for an Online Course of Simulation Engineering: From Bioreactor to Epidemiological Modeling

Before the pandemic, distance learning was not a widely adopted option for science and engineering programs where in some courses, such as chemistry, electromagnetism, or fluid mechanics, etc., attending to laboratories and workshops was in most cases mandatory. The lockdown forced us to innovate, searching alternative ways to teach experimental phenomena, suddenly replaced with simulation science and technology, subjects that although rely on computers, also suffered changes from the transition. In this contribution, we propose an undergraduate course on simulation for chemical engineering, departing from the fact that modeling, and simulation are multipurpose and multidisciplinary tools. The course aims to reinforce the concepts of dynamical systems by using analogies between process engineering examples and other disciplines, particularly, epidemiology. For this purpose, a final project on modeling the dynamics of the COVID 19 pandemic in Mexico was designed and validated with a public database from the Mexican Secretariat of Health. By doing this, the students got in touch with the evolution of the dynamics outside of school hours, since it was common to see weekly updates and extrapolation trends of the pandemic, thus applying their skills to the final project. It was found that success factors were the use of official data, the use of Graphical User Interfaces to explore diverse simulation scenarios and the final project. The transition to the Distance Learning faced several challenges that were partially coped with the redesign of the course.

Circular economy and public policies in the face of the new normality

The paradigm of Circular Economy within the framework of sustainable development has been consolidated in recent years. Nowadays, and given the urgency to adopt policies that allow to relaunch the economic activity after the crisis caused by the CoVid-19 pandemic, it is relevant to synthesise the challenges and opportunities that Circular Economy offers, making them affordable for the policymakers. An overview of systematic reviews has enabled to retrieve and summarise the results of the most relevant research in this field. Twenty-five articles have been selected from the main scientific databases. The main findings of their qualitative analysis highlight the role of the government developing adequate regulations, implementing financial initiatives, dynamizing collaborations, performing an effective leadership through management performance and setting a good example for the rest of stakeholders and for society. From them, eleven recommendations that could have a wide and rapid impact in the new scenario are synthesised.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Health-care Personnel from the State of Guanajuato, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

Guanajuato state in Mexico has high frequency of confirmed cases of COVID-19. Health-care workers are the most exposed to contagion due to contact with patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. The objective was to know the seroprevalence of antibodies (IgG) anti-SARS-CoV-2 in health-care workers from Secretary of Health from Guanajuato State. It was a cross-sectional, retrolective study, using database from the ENSERO-COVID program. It was recollected data about exposure in work and in community by contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19. The anti-SARS-CoV IgG antibody titer was determined, considering 1.4 or higher as positive. It used Chi squared test to show relationship between variables, Z for two proportions to test hypotheses and logistic regression for show the effect of exposure and test positive for antibodies. 4,047 registries were reviewed, 376 (9.29%) were positive for the presence of SARSCoV-2 antibodies. There is an association between the type of work unit (type determined by hospitalizing COVID-19 patients or not) with seropositivity (P <0.05). There was no effect of performance areas to be seropositive. Community exposure had an effect on being seropositive OR = 1.44 (1.17 - 1.79). Training in the proper use of personal protective equipment had a protective effect on being seropositive with OR = 0.79 (0.64 -0.99). Exposure in the community to a confirmed case to SARS-CoV-2 is found to have a significant association with the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Training in the proper use of personal protection equipment is a protector against SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is a significant association between the type of unit and the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Given the increase in the number of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2, it is vitally important that health workers adequately protect themselves both at the community and workplace level. Copyright © 2022 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Donor Temperature Screening with a Non-Contact Infrared Thermometer

Background/Case Studies: COVID-19 resulted in many changes to hospital patient care. In April 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a guidance, Enforcement Policy for Clinical Electronic Thermometers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency to allow for the expanded clinical use of electronic thermometers. These clinical electronic, non-contact thermometers measure body temperature to screen for fever as a possible sign of infection with COVID-19 without the requisite of removing protective masks for an oral measurement. The aim is to validate and implement this safer practice for donor temperature screening. Study Design/Methods: Our hospital-based donor center (HBDC) implemented non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) as a screening tool for anyone entering fixed sites and mobile blood drives. A second temperature check was performed using an oral thermometer (OT) for donors following an approved donor qualification process. Initially, informal data comparing the temperature recordings for each donor was used to determine possible equivalence of the two methods and to use as a guide to proceed with formal validation. Validation of the NCIT included an Installation Qualification by the hospital Engineering Biomed Team, assignment of a Clinical Engineering Number, implementation of an Equipment Summary Sheet for preventative maintenance, and addition to the Master Equipment List. Operational Qualification included performance of the display and controller check, simulation of the alarm at maximum and minimum temperature ranges, verification of the infrared thermometer accuracy, ice water testing, and the development and revision of Standard Operating Procedures. Performance Qualification compared a minimum of 100 temperature readings of the OT and NCIT temperature measurements with different sources of variations to thermometers used, days taken, operators performing the measurement, and worksites. Successful completion of the OT and NCIT method comparison would be accomplished by attainment of 95% of the temperature comparisons being within +/-2% of the OT standard. Information generated from a known error or anomaly unrelated to the NCIT accuracy testing were excluded. Results/Findings: 258 comparisons readings were made. Four readings were excluded from the data: 2 readings were taken while the donor was wearing a cap;1 reading was taken while the NCIT was in the wrong reading mode;1 reading of the OT measured was not recorded. Of the remaining 254 paired readings, 96.5% of the NCIT data points were within 2% of the OT. Conclusion(s): Our HBDC validated and implemented the NCIT as a suitable and safe replacement of the OT to complete donor temperature measurements.

RESPIRATORY FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HIV POSTINFECTION BY COVID-19

SESSION TITLE: Post-COVID-19 Outcomes SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Original Inv PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 11:15 am - 12:15 pm PURPOSE: Alterations in lung function may occur in patients with HIV and who were infected with SARSCoV2. In order to describe this characteristics we created the following groups: Group (1) HIV (+) SARS-COV-2 (+), Group (2) HIV (+) SARS-COV-2 (-), Group (3) HIV (-) SARS-COV2 (+), Group (4) HIV (-) SARS-COV-2 (-). METHODS: In this prospective, longitudinal cohort we included patients with infection with SARS-CoV-2 ( RT- PCR test o Antigen Testing positive) who agreed to participate in the study. Spirometry, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO), body plethysmography, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed to assess lung function 3 to 6 months after SARS-CoV2 infection, clinical and laboratory characteristics were assesed. We performed descriptive statistics including means and standar deviations for normally distributed continous variables, medians and interquartile ranges for non-parametric distributions, and proportions for categorical variables. The comparisons between groups were made using Fisher´s exact test and Mann-Whitney U for categorical and continous variables respectively. RESULTS: During the between April 2021-February 2022, a total of 104 patients were included. Group (1)44 patients (14 were hospitalized), Group (2)19 patients, Group (3)26 patients (16 were hospitalized), Group (4)15 patients. Hypertension was higher in the Group HIV (-) SARS-COV-2 (+). We didn´t find differences in lung pulmonary function (Spirometry, DLCO, body plethysmography or 6MWT between groups). Spirometry results: FEV1/FVC % Predicted Group 1: 58.0 [25.5, 74.0], Group 2:42.5 [19.5, 65.5], Group 3: 55.0 [38.5, 80.5], Group 4: 35.0 [19.0, 68.5], HIV(+)/HIV(-) p-value: 0.43. DLCO% predicted Group 1: 82.7 [71.5, 90.0], Group 2: 86.7 [76.8, 96.3], Group 3: 85.6 [76.8, 91.6], Group 4: 88.3 [85.7, 98.6], p: 0.199. Total lung capacity (TLC) % of predicted, Group 1: 101 [88.8, 109], Group 2: 99.5 [97.0, 112], Group 3: 102 [94.3, 112], Group 4: 111 [103, 115], p: 0.105. 6MWT: Group 1: 566 [529, 604], Group 2: 595 [548, 622], Group 3: 548 [493, 604], Group 4: 593 [547, 630], p: 0.702. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize pulmonary function in ill COVID-19 survivors with HIV. Our results suggest not difference between the lung function tests performed in patients coinfected with HIV and SARS-CoV 2 compared to patients infected with SARS-CoV2 HIV (-). Limitations, not pre-testing pulmonary function. Inclusion of a greater number of HIV (-) patients who required hospitalization. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Beyond the effects of SARS-CoV2 on HIV outcomes, it is essential to examine whether HIV has an impact on susceptibility to COVID-19 or if it will generate changes that lead to increased sequelae in these patients. It is well known that patients with HIV may be at increased risk of lung function test abnormalities due to the infection itself, as well as some additional exposures. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Olivia Briceño No relevant relationships by GUSTAVO CASAS no disclosure on file for Mauricio Gonzalez Navarro;No relevant relationships by Alejandro Juárez Díaz No relevant relationships by William C. Lara-Vazquez No relevant relationships by María Isabel León Rodríguez No relevant relationships by JOSE CHRISTIAN RODRIGUEZ HERNANDEZ No relevant relationships by Gonzalo Salgado

CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS in PATIENTS with RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A TWO YEARS OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Background: The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is higher than individuals from the general population due to chronic infammation. Current CV risk screening and management strategies underestimate the actual CV risk in RA. Thus, an adequate CV risk stratifcation has special relevance in RA to identify patients at risk of CV disease. Objectives: To assess the incidence of cardiovascular events in a RA cohort after a 2 years follow-up. Methods: A cohort study was performed in which inclusion criteria were adult RA patients and matched adults in terms of age, sex and CV risk factors (controls). Population over 75 years old, patients with established CV disease and/or stage III chronic kidney disease were excluded. Controls with other infam-matory diseases, pregnant women or any malignancy were also excluded. This study was performed from July-2019 to January-2022. CV risk assessment included risk factors collection and US evaluation consisted in detection of plaques and measurement of the intima-media thickness in both right and left carotid. Results: Overall, a total of 200 cases and 111 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Demographical and clinical variables were comparable between cases and controls and are shown in Table 1. US study revealed a higher IMT in both right and left carotid arteries with greater presence of plaques in patients than in controls (CI 95% [1.542;3.436], p<0.001). Plaques were found in both carotid arteries in the 32% of cases and 9.91% of controls. The longer duration of RA was related to a higher presence of carotid plaques (95% [1.015;1.056], p<0.001). Eight patients (4%) presented a cardiovascular event, and one of them died (0.5%). The events consisted in 2 angina pectoris, 3 transient ischemic attack, 1 acute myocardial infarction, 1 lacunar stroke and 1 cardiac arrest. Six out those 8 patients demonstrated bilateral plaque presence at baseline. Two patient caused loss of follow up due to death related to Covid-19. Not a single cardiovascular event was reported in the control group. Conclusion: Our results shows that cardiovascular events are increased in RA patients and US study may be useful in predicting an event.

SAFETY PROFILE of JAK INHIBITORS in REAL WORLD from A SINGLE CENTER COHORT

Background: Recent published data have emerged some concerns about safety of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and FDA have established prescribing restrictions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the safety profile of current approved JAK inhibitors in Europe with data from a Real World cohort. Methods: A single center observational study was performed including patients who had initiated treatment with Tofacitinib, Baricitinib or Upadacitinib from September, 2017 to January, 2022. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and safety variables were collected from baseline and at months 1, 3, 6 and every six months. Safety data was collected including any adverse event (AE) due to any cause. An AE was considered serious if it was life-threatening or result in hospitaliza-tion, disability or in death. All AE and SAE were expressed adjusted by exposure (E/100 PY). Results: A total of 194 patients were included whom baseline demographic and disease characteristics are exposed in Table 1. Drug exposure was 265.5 patient-years. Overall, 214 AE were detected being mild upper tract respiratory infection the most frequently registered (15.82 E/100PY) followed by Urinary tract Infection accounting 7.16 E/100PY. 10 Serious Infections were detected in 10 patients of which 5 were pneumonia (1.88 E/100PY), 1 cellulitis (0.38 E/100PY) and 2 COVID-19 (0.76 E/100PY). 12 herpetic infection were detected in 9 patients (4.52 E/100PY) of which 7 were caused by herpes zoster (2.64 E/100PY) and 5 by herpes simplex (1.88 E/100PY) 3 cases were mono-metameric and 4 multi-metameric. Moreover, 2 patient developed postherpetic neuralgia. A patient with RA developed Miliary Tuberculosis (0.38 E/100PY) with a negative IGRA test prior to the JAKi. A patient with RA suffered a Myocardial Infarction (0.38 E/100PY). 7 RA patients developed malignancy (2.64 E/100PY), one with oral squamous cell carcinoma, two Bowen carcinoma, one breast cancer, 2 basal cell carcinoma and a colorectal metastatic cancer. Not a single case of thromboembolic event nor Hepatitis B Virus reactivation were registered. 2 patients died, one with cancer and the other suffered a severe COVID-19 (unvaccinated). Conclusion: In this updated analysis of 194 patients treated with JAKi, the three approved JAKi showed a safety profile consistent with data from RCT. The patients under JAK therapy should be carefully evaluated on their follow-up.